齐东野语    Unofficial Records
宋 周密著 By ZHOU Mi, Song Dynasty

端平入洛
Luoyang洛阳 Recovering in the Year of Duanping端平

端平元年甲午，史嵩之子申，开荆湖阃，遂与孟珙合鞑兵夹攻蔡城，获亡金完颜守绪残骸以归。乃作露布以夸耀一时，且绘八陵图以献，朝廷遂议遣使修奉八陵。时郑忠定丞相当国，于是有乘时抚定中原之意。会赵葵南仲，范武仲，全子才三数公，惑于降人谷用安之说，谓非扼险无以为国，于是守河据关之议起矣。
In the 1st year (the year of Jiawu甲午) of Duanping端平, ShiSongZhi 史嵩之(ZiYou子由, another name quoted at the age of 20) was promoted commander of Jinghu荆湖 region. Therefore, he was able to combine the forces of MengGong孟珙 and take part in the converging attack on Caizhou 蔡城with the GreatMongolArmy鞑兵. Then he returned with the remains of WanyenShouXu完颜守绪, the last Emperor of Chin金. Thereby he prepared a cloth poster (briefing his victory event) to show off. In addition, he painted a picture of the 8 imperial tombs and presented to the emperor. The court then decided to send people to repair the tombs and make sacrifice. At that time, it was the prime minister ZhengZhongDing郑忠定 who had the say in the country. Zheng 郑忠定was thinking of taking the opportunity to settle central China. Right at that time, the three powerful officials ZhaoKui赵葵 (NanZhong南仲, another name quoted at the age of 20), FanWuZhong范武仲and QuanZiCai全子才 were misled by the persuasive words of GuYongAn谷用安, a surrendered general of Chin金. And they insisted that national defence must be relied on strategic passes control. As a result, a heated discussion on recovering the YellowRiver河 and passes started.

乃命武仲开阃于光、黄之间，以张声势，而子才合淮西之兵万余人赴汴。六月十二日离合肥，十八日渡寿州，二十一日抵蒙城县。县有二城相连，背涡为固，城中空无所有，仅存伤残之民数十而已。沿途茂草长林，白骨相望，虻蝇扑面，杳无人踪。二十二日至城父县，县中有未烧者十余家，官舍两、三处，城池颇高深，旧号小东京云。二十四日入亳州，总领七人出降。城虽土筑，尚坚。单州出戍军六百余人在内，皆出降。市井残毁，有卖饼者云：“戍兵暴横，亳人怨之。前日降鞑，今日降宋，皆此军也。”遂以为导，过魏真县、城邑县、太康县，皆残毁无居人。七月二日，抵东京二十里扎寨，犹有居人遗迹，及桑枣园。初五日，整兵入城。行省李伯渊，先期以文书来降，愿与谷用安、范用吉等结约。至是，乃杀所立大王崔立，率父老出迎，见兵六、七百人。荆棘遗骸，交午道路，止存民居千余家，故宫及相国寺佛阁不动而已。
Then [the Song Emperor] ordered FanWuZhong武仲 to [take forces] and move in between Guangzhou光 and Huangzhou黄 to give a false show, whereas QuanZiCai子才 to command over 10,000 of combined forces of Huaixi淮西 to Kaifeng汴. They departed Hefei合肥 on June 12th, ferried at Shouzhou寿州 on June 18th, and arrived at Mengcheng蒙城县 on the 21st. Mengcheng蒙城县 had two walled cities and backed by Woyang涡. There was nothing inside the city but scores of injured or disabled civilians. On their way, they could see wild grass growing vigorously with scattered skeletons and white bones here and there. Horseflies and mosquitoes blew on their faces. They could see no live human beings. Then they arrived at Chengfu County 城父县on the 20th. There were about only 10 houses and 2 or 3 official buildings that were not burned. The city was somewhat heavily built, and used to be called “Junior Dongjing东京” or so. They entered Bozhou亳州 on the 24th. The garrison commander surrendered with only 7 followers. The city was quite solid, though it was built with earth. There were about 600 garrison troops in Shanzhou单州, and all surrendered. The city was destroyed. A pancake seller said, “The garrison troops are cruel and vicious, Bozhou亳州 people all hate them. They surrendered the Mongols days ago, and not Song today. All are the same troops.” So ZiCai took him as a guide to move forward through Weizhen County魏真县, Chengyi County城邑县and Taikang County太康县. All were destroyed without any inhabitants. On July 2nd, they arrived a place 20 li away from Dongjing (Kaifeng) 汴 and camped. They could identify traces of inhabitants and mulberry and date gardens. On the 5th day, they entered the city in strict discipline. LiBoYuan李伯渊, holding the title of Hsingsheng行省, already sent a submission letter beforehand, showing his willingness to ally with GuYongAn谷用安 and FanYongJi范用吉. Therefore, he killed CuiLi崔立, a general commander they supported before. Then he took the well-noted gentries out to welcome the Song army. They saw about 600 or 700 Song soldiers. The roads were covered with ruins and remains. There were about only 1000 houses that remained unburned. The old palace and the Buddha Pogoda at Xiangguosi相国寺 were as good as before.

二十日，赵文仲以淮东之师五万，由泗、宿至汴，与子才之军会焉。因谓子才曰：“我辈始谋据关守河，今已抵汴半月，不急趣洛阳、潼关何待邪？”
On 20th, ZhaoWenZhong赵文仲, commanding 50,000 of HuaidongForces淮东师 (soldiers recruited from area to the east of HuaiRiver淮), arrived at Kaifeng汴 from Sizhou泗 and Suzhou宿 and joined forces with QuanZiCai子才. So he said to ZiCai子才, “In the beginning we together discussed about taking over strategic passes and making defence along the YellowRiver河. Now you have arrived at Kaifeng 汴and stayed here for half a month. Why didn’t you make immediate operation on Luoyang洛阳 and Tongguan潼关, and what are you waiting for?”

子才以粮饷未集对，赵文仲益督趣之，遂檄范用吉提新招义士三千，樊辛提武安军四千，李先提雄关军二千，赵文仲亦以胡显提雄关军四千，共一万三千人。
ZiCai子才replied with the fact of insufficient provision, yet ZhaoWenZhong赵文仲further urged him to move forward. So [ZiCai子才] sent his order to let FanYongJi范用吉 command 3,000 of the newly recruited volunteers, FanXin樊辛4,000 of the Wu’anForces武安军, LiXian李先2,000 of XiongguanForces雄关军. ZhaoWenZhong赵文仲 also sent HuXian胡显 to take 4,000 of XiongguanForces雄关军. Altogether there were 13,000 forces.

命淮西帅机徐敏子为监军，先令西上，且命杨义以庐州强勇等军一万五千人继之，各给五日粮。诸军以粮少为辞，则谕之以陆续起发。
[ZhaoWenZhong赵文仲] ordered XuMinZi徐敏子, holding the title of Huaixi Shuaiji淮西帅机, to be the supervisor, and take the lead to move westward. He also ordered YangYi杨义 to command 15,000 forces of Luzhou庐州 volunteers and soldiers to reinforce, each with 5 days’ provision. All the forces refused because of limited provision. Then [ZhaoWenZhong赵文仲] notified them that the provision would be sent in succession.

于是敏子领军，以二十一日启行，且令诸军以五日粮为七日食，盖惧饷馈或稽故也。
So XuMinZi敏子 took the order and set out on 21st. He had to order all the forces to use the 5-day-provision to last for 7 days. He was only afraid of provision shortage or delay.

至中牟县，遂遣其客戴应龙回汴趣粮。且与诸将议，遣勇士谕洛，独胡显议为不合。敏子因命显以其所部之半，以扼河阴。
When they arrived at Zhongmou County中牟县, [XuMinZi敏子] sent his consultant DaiYingLong戴应龙 back to Kaifeng汴 to urge the provision supply. He also discussed with his generals to send picked warriors to enter Luoyang洛 secretly first. Only HuXian胡显 rejected the suggestion. XuMinZi敏子 therefore ordered HuXian胡显 to command half of his own forces to guard Heyin河阴.

二十六日，遣和州宁淮军正将张迪，以二百人潜赴洛阳。至夜，逾城大噪而入，城中寂然无应者。盖北军之戍洛阳者，皆空其城诱我矣。逮晚，始有民庶三百余家登城投降。
On 26th, [XuMinZi敏子] sent ZhangDi张迪, holding the title of Zhengjiang正将 of Hezhou和州 NinghuaiForce宁淮军, to take 200 soldiers and go to Luoyang洛阳 secretly. At night, they climbed up over the city wall, entered with great noise. Yet it was extremely quiet inside the city and none responded. It was because the garrison troops of the MongolArmy北军 at Luoyang洛阳 presented an empty city to trap the SongArmy. Until late night, there were about 300 civilian households came and surrendered.

二十八日，遂入洛城。
On 28th, [XuMinZi敏子and his forces] entered Luoyang洛城eventually.

二十九日，军食已尽，乃采蒿和面作饼而食之。是晚，有溃军失道，奔迸而至。云：“杨义一军，为北兵大阵冲散。今北军已据北牢矣。”盖杨义至洛东三十里，方散坐蓐食，忽数百步外，山椒有立黄红伞者，众方骇异，而伏兵突起深蒿中，义仓卒无备，遂致大溃，拥入洛水者甚众，义仅以身免。于是在洛之师，闻而夺气。
On 29th, the army was out of provision. So they had to pick wild grass to mix with flour and prepared pancakes for food. On that night, scattered [Song] soldiers who got lost their way came into Luoyang 洛阳abruptly, saying, “YangYi杨义 forces have been scattered by the MongolArmy北兵. Now the Mongols have made firm control of the north.” The thing went like this: YangYi杨义 arrived at Longmen龙门, 30 li away from Luoyang洛阳 to its east. They sat down and were just about to eat meal when then they were greatly scared at the sight of yellow and red umbrellas among the wild prickly ashes about 100 steps away – the ambushed MongolArmy北兵made abrupt charge from the thick wormwoods. The volunteer forces [of YangYi杨义] stepped off the deep end, so they were scattered, a great number of them got drowned in the LuoshuiRiver洛水. Only YangYi杨义 himself managed to escape. Therefore, the forces in Luoyang 洛阳were robbed off spirit on hearing that.

八月一日，北军已有近城下寨者，且士卒饥甚，遂杀马而食。敏子与诸将议进止，久之，无他策，势须回师。遂遣步军两项往劫东西寨，自提大军济洛水而阵。北军冲突，坚勿动。初二日黎明，北军以团牌拥进接战，我军分而为三，并杀四百余人，夺团牌三百余，至午不解。而军士至此，四日不食矣。始议突围而东。会范用吉下归顺人楚并者献策曰：“若投东，则正值北军大队，无噍类矣。若转南登封山，由均、许走蔡、息，则或可脱虎口耳。”事势既急，遂从之。北军既知我遁，纵兵尾击，死伤者十八九。敏子中流矢，伤右胯几殆，所乘马死焉。徒步间行，道收溃散，得三百余人。结阵而南，经生界团，结砦栅，转斗而前。凡食桑叶者两日，食梨枣者七日，乃抵浮光。樊显、张迪死焉。
On August 1st, there already came some Mongol forces nearby the city. The worse thing was that Song soldiers were very starved. So they started to kill war-horses and ate horsemeat. XuMinZi徐敏子 discussed with his generals about whether to advance or retreat. The discussion lasted long and they found no other solutions – the situation forced them to retreat. At last, [XuMinZi徐敏子] sent two separate forces to take over both the east and the west forts, and he himself took the main forces to ferry across LuoshuiRiver洛水 and prepare battle arrays. He ordered his forces to stay quiet and silent when the MongolArmy北兵 charged. On the dawn of the 2nd day, the Mongols charged with round shields, dividing the SongArmy into three parts. The battle went on and not ended until noon. The SongArmy killed about 400 Mongol soldiers and captured about 300 shields. Until then, the Song soldiers didn’t have any food for 4 days. Finally they decided to make breakout eastward. Right then, a person called ChuBing楚并 who surrendered to FanYongJi范永吉 suggested, “If we move eastward, then we shall meet the main forces of the Mongols, not a living thing will remain. If we change to Dengfeng Mountain登封山 in the south, and then Caizhou蔡州 and Xizhou息州 via Junzhou均州 and Xuchang许昌, we may have a chance to escape from the jaws of death.” The situation was so tense that they had to follow his suggestion. Now that the MongolArmy北兵 learned the escape, they started to tail-attack. 8 or 9 out of 10 became killed or injured. XuMinZi徐敏子 was shot by a flying arrow on his right thigh, and was nearly dead. His riding horse was already killed dead. He managed to escape on foot, collecting the scattered soldiers on his way. He was able to collect more than 300 soldiers. They moved south in combat order via Shengjietuan生界团 and Zhaizha砦栅. They ate mulberry leaves for two days and pears and dates for 7 days before they arrived at Fuguang浮光. FanXin樊辛 and ZhangDi张迪 were killed.

敏子前所遣客戴应龙，自汴趣粮赴洛，至半道，逢杨义军溃卒，知洛东丧衄之耗，遂驰还汴，白南仲、子才。二公相谓曰：“事势如此，我辈自往可也。”帅参刘子澄，则以为无益。抵暮，下令促装。翌日昧爽起发，众皆以为援洛，而前旌已出东门，始知为班师焉。
DaiYingLong戴应龙, the consultant whom XuMinZi徐敏子 sent to go to Kaifeng汴 to urge provision, met the scattered soldiers of YangYi杨义 forces on his half way. On hearing the failure at the east of Luoyang洛阳, he returned Kaifeng汴 as soon as possible and informed ZhaoWenZhong赵文仲 and QuanZiCai全子才. The two gentlemen talked with each other, “The situation is like this, we may go.” LiuZiCheng刘子澄, holding the title of Shuaican帅参, however, considered it (he falsely thought the commanders would go and provide reinforcement) useless. Until dusk, order was given to prepare outfits. The departure started at early dawn in the next day. Everyone thought that they were going to reinforce Luoyang洛阳. Yet they learned that they were returning when they noticed the leading flag moved out of the east gate.

是役也，乘亡金丧乱之余，中原ㄈ扰之际，乘机而进，直抵旧京，气势翕合，未为全失。所失在于主帅成功之心太急，入洛之师无援，粮道不继，以致败亡，此殆天意。后世以成败论功名，遂以贪功冒进罪之，恐亦非至公之论也。此事得之当时随军幕府日纪，颇为详确。近于忠信尝编《三京本末》，与此互有同异焉。
This campaign was started at the time of Chin death and chaos central China. The SongArmy took such advantages and marched towards the old capital city with high spirit. We cannot say the campaign was completely wrong. What was wrong was that the chief commander was by far too eager for quick success and instant benefit. The forces in Luoyang洛阳 had no reinforcement, and no provision. So the failure was inevitable and it should be the heaven’s will. The later generations judge heroes purely by success or failure. So it’d not that impartial to blame him with rash advance. The whole even was quoted from the diary of the commander consultant. The recording was rather precise and in detail. It is similar with San Jing Ben Mo三京本末 (History of the Three Capitals) once written by ZhongXin忠信. They share in common and have little difference.